LIFE SCIENCE QUIZ 3 STUDY GUIDE

QUESTION: Define “Heredity”
ANSWER: The passing of characteristics from one generation to the next.

QUESTION: What did Gregor Mendel show?
ANSWER: Patterns of hredity reflect the transmission of coded information from parents to offspring.

QUESTION: How many chromosomes do humans have?
ANSWER: 46

QUESTION: What is it called when an egg joins a sperm cell?
ANSWER: The process is called fertilization.  The resulting cell is called a zygote.

QUESTION: Who was the Austrian monk to discover the rules of hredity while working with pea plants?
ANSWER: Gregor Mendel

QUESTION: What is a dominant trait?
ANSWER: A stronger trait that covers a weaker (recessive) trait.

QUESTION: What do you call an organism that possesses two dominant or two recessive genes for a single trait?
ANSWER: Purebred

QUESTION: What do you call an organism that possesses one dominant and one recessive gene for a single trait?
ANSWER: Hybrid

QUESTION: What do you call the diagram that assists you in predicting the traits of offspring?
ANSWER: Punnet Square

QUESTION: What are chromosomes made of?
ANSWER: DNA

QUESTION: What woman, along with Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins is credited with helping to discover the structure of DNA?
ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin

QUESTION: Define "DNA"
ANSWER: A very long list of instructions that give each cell in your body its own shape and function

QUESTION: Who is Rosalind Franklin and what did she do?
ANSWER: She produced the first usable X-ray pictures of DNA ever taken.

QUESTION: What is the human "genome"?
ANSWER: A complete set of instructions for making a person.

QUESTION: Is it possible right now to produce a photograph of someone by only viewing their DNA?
ANSWER: No

QUESTION: What are the two primary influences acting together throughout one's life?
ANSWER: Heredity and Environment

QUESTION: What are 3 environmental influences on one's life?
ANSWER: (Answers may vary) Food you eat, friends you hang out with, place you live, etc.

QUESTION: What is a species?
ANSWER: A group of organisms that resemble each other and are potentially able to breed with each other.

QUESTION: Traits that cause members of a given species to be different from each other are called what?
ANSWER: Individual Traits

QUESTION: Name 3 inherited traits and 3 non-inherited traits.
ANSWER: (Answers may vary) Inherited: widow's peak, eye color, hair color.  Non-inherited: table manners, language, tatoo.